Cooperative
Members of cooperatives:Individuals, that is, those who voluntarily become members of the cooperativeCooperative legal entity, which is a cooperative that are members of cooperatives that have a broader scopeIn the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No.. 27 (Revised 1998), stated that the main characteristics that distinguish cooperative with other business entities, namely members of the cooperative has a dual identity. Dual identity means a member of the cooperative is the owner and user of services of the cooperative. [Citation needed]Generally, cooperatives are controlled jointly by all members, where each member has equal voting rights in any decisions taken cooperatives. Profit sharing co-operatives (commonly called Business Profits or SHU is usually calculated based on the member's share in the cooperative, for example by making large dividends based on purchases or sales made by members.Cooperative aims to promote the welfare of members in particular and society in general, and helped build national economic order, in order to realize advanced society, fair and prosperous society based on Pancasila and the Constitution of 1945.ref Sito, Arifin. Tamba, Halomoan Koprasi theory and peraktek.[Edit]Cooperative lawfulCooperative form of legal entity in accordance with Law No.12 of 1967 is: "Organization of People's Economy of social character, consisting of the persons or legal entity which is a cooperative economic arrangement as a joint venture, based on the principle of the family. [2]Performance of special koprasi regarding associations, cooperatives must work under the provisions of general law on business organization (individual, partnership, etc..) As well as commercial law and tax law. [Citation needed] The organization of cooperatives that are typical of an organization must be known to establish the basic budget the particular. [3]In general, the variables in measuring the performance of cooperatives to see the development or growth (growth) of cooperatives in Indonesia consists of institutional (the number of cooperatives by province, the number of cooperatives per type / cooperative group, the number of cooperatives active and inactive). [Citation needed] Membership, volume of business, capital, assets, and the rest of the results of operations. [citation needed] These variables are essentially not been able to reflect appropriately for use see the role of the share (share) of cooperatives to national economic development. [citation needed] Similarly, the impact of cooperative (cooperative effect) to increase the welfare of members or the public has not been reflected by the variables in the present. [citation needed] Thus, the variable performance of cooperatives tend to only be used as one tool to see the development of cooperatives as a business entity. [4][Edit]The function and role of cooperativesAccording to Law no. 25 1992, Article 4 explained that the function and role of cooperatives as follows:Build and develop the potential and the economic ability members in particular and society in general to improve the economic and social welfare.Participate actively in efforts to enhance the quality of human life and society.Strengthen the people's economy as the foundation of strength and resilience of the national economy with the cooperative as the pillar-teacher.Trying to realize and develop the national economy, which is a joint effort based on the principle of kinship and economic democracy.Develop creativity and build a spirit of association for students of the nation.[Edit]The principle of cooperativeAccording to Law no. 25 1992, Article 5 mentioned the principle of cooperation, namely:Membership is voluntary and open.Management conducted democratically.Distributions of Business (SHU) is conducted in a fair proportion to his services each member's business (share of such member in the cooperative).Limited provision of remuneration to capital.Self-reliance.Perkoprasian education.cooperation among cooperatives.[Edit]Types of cooperativesCooperatives can generally be grouped into consumer cooperatives, producer cooperatives and credit cooperatives (financial services). Cooperatives can also be grouped according to their business sector.Credit UnionsConsumer CooperativesProducers CooperativeCooperative MarketingCooperative ServicesCooperative FunctionalCredit Unions are cooperatives engaged in savings and loans.Consumer cooperatives are cooperative members operate consumers with buying and selling consumer goods to sell.Producers Cooperative is a cooperative consisting of small and medium entrepreneurs (SMEs) by running the procurement of raw and auxiliary materials for its members.Cooperative Marketing is a cooperative that runs the sales activities of products / services of the cooperative or its members.Cooperative Services is a cooperative engaged in other service businesses.Functional cooperative is a cooperative that stood under an agency[Edit]Cooperative sources of capitalAs with any other form of legal entity, to run a cooperative business activities require capital. [Citation needed] The cooperative capital consists of equity and loan capital. [Citation needed]Own capital includes capital resources as follows:Principal DepositsPrincipal deposit is a sum of money that must be paid by members to the cooperative at the time of entry into membership. [Citation needed] Savings can not be taken back principal for he is still a member of the cooperative. Deposit principal amount equal to each member. [Citation needed]Compulsory SavingsDeposits are required to deposit a certain amount to be paid by members to cooperatives in certain times and occasions, eg every month to deposit the same amount for each month. [Citation needed] Savings shall not be taken during the relevant return is still a member of the cooperative. [ citation needed]Special Savings / other eg voluntary savings (savings that can be taken at any time), Qurba Savings and Time Deposits. [Citation needed]Reserve fundReserve fund is an amount of money earned from the balance of the allowance for businesses, which are intended for fertilizing their own capital, distributions to members who come out of the membership of cooperatives, and cooperatives to cover losses if necessary. [Citation needed]GrantGrant is a sum of money or capital goods that can be valued by money received from other parties who are grants / gifts and are not binding. [Citation needed]As for cooperative loan capital comes from the parties as follows:Members and prospective members [citation needed]Other cooperatives and / or its members based on a cooperation agreement antarkoperasi [citation needed]Banks and Financial institutions and other financial banklembaga not made in accordance with the provisions of the rules and regulations applicable perudang [citation needed]Issuance of bonds and other debt securities made in accordance with the provisions of the legislation that applies [citation needed]Other legitimate sources [citation needed][Edit]Establishment of cooperative mechanismsEstablishment of cooperative mechanisms consist of several stages. [Citation needed] First of all is the collection of members, because to run a cooperative requires a minimum of 20 members. [Citation needed] Second, the member shall hold a meeting of members, to conduct the election of cooperative board (chairman, secretary, and treasurer). [citation needed] After that, the cooperative's articles of association should plan and co-op's bylaws. [citation needed] Then ask permission from the state. [citation needed] It was only able to run the cooperatives with a good and true. [ citation needed][Edit]Cooperative managementCooperative management selected from among and by the members in a members' meeting. [Citation needed] There are times when meeting members were unsuccessful elect all members of the Board from among its own members. [Citation needed] It thus happens for example if the candidates come from the- among the members themselves do not have the ability necessary to lead the cooperative bersangkupan, while it turns out that that can meet the requirements ialahmereka who are not members or not members of a cooperative (perhaps already served by the cooperatives will participate but have not formally requested a member). [referral? ] In this case it's quite acceptable exceptions where non-members can be elected as members of cooperative management. [5][Edit]History of the cooperative worldCooperative movement was initiated by Robert Owen (1771-1858), who applied the first time in the cotton spinning business in New Lanark, Scotland. [Citation needed]Cooperative movement was further developed by William King (1786-1865) - by setting up cooperative stores in Brighton, England. [Citation needed] On May 1, 1828, King published a monthly publication called The Cooperator, which contains many ideas and suggestions practical about managing the shop using cooperative principles. [citation needed]Cooperative eventually developed in other countries. [Citation needed] In Germany, also standing cooperative that uses the same principles with the cooperative made in England. [Citation needed] Cooperatives in the United Kingdom was founded by Charles Foirer, Raffeinsen, and Schulze Delitch . [citation needed] In France, Louis Blanc established cooperative that promotes quality production of goods. [citation needed] In Denmark Pastor Christiansone founded agricultural cooperatives. [citation needed][Edit]Cooperative movement in IndonesiaA brief history of the cooperative movement began in the 20th century, which generally is the result of the efforts that are not sepontan and not done by people who are very wealthy. [Citation needed] They had to unite themselves to enrich himself, as he co-developed the well-being of surrounding communities . [citation needed] Cooperative grow from among the people, when suffering in the economic and social field that caused by the capitalist system thus mounting. [citation needed] Some of the people whose livelihoods simple with limited economic capacity, driven by the suffering and economic burden of the same, in sepontan unite himself to help himself and his fellow man. [6]In 1896 a Civil Service Patih R. Aria Wiria Atmaja in Navan to establish a bank for the civil servants (gentry). [Citation needed] He was driven by his desire to help those employees who increasingly suffer from trapped by moneylenders who provide loans with interest is high. [citation needed] The purpose of the duke of credit cooperatives to establish such a model in Germany. [citation needed] He was assisted by an assistant resident Dutch (Netherlands Civil Service)-The Resident Assistant while on leave to visit Germany and advocated successfully to transform the Bank Aid existing savings into Bank Aid, Savings and Agriculture. [citation needed] In addition to civil servants are also the farmers should be helped because they are increasingly suffering from the pressures pengijon (pelepan money). He also advocated changing the Bank is to be cooperative. [Citation needed] In addition, he also founded the village barns that encourage farmers to save on the season and provide rice aid loans on a bad season. [Citation needed] He also tried to make the barn -barn into a Cooperative Credit Rice. [citation needed] However, the Government of the Netherlands at that time another opinion. Bank Aid, Savings and Agriculture and Village Granary not be cooperative, but the Dutch government established a new village barns, village banks, pawnshops and Cash Centrale Rakyak which later became Bank Indonesia (BRI). [Citation needed] All of that is the body Pemerntah and business people led by the Government. [citation needed]At the time of forming the Dutch koperasai can not happen, because: 1. There are no government agencies or non-governmental agencies that provide information and counseling on cooperatives. [Citation needed] 2. There are currently no law governing kopeasi life. [Citation needed] 3. Colonial government was still hesitant because of political considerations advocated cooperatives, cooperative worry it will be used by the politics for the purpose of endangering the government colony. [7]Cooperative mushroomed again, but in 1933 a similar Act out Act no. 431 so deadly cooperative effort for the second time. [Citation needed] In 1942 the Japanese occupied Indonesia. [Citation needed] and then set up a cooperative kumiyai Japan. [Citation needed] Initially the cooperative is run smoothly. [Citation needed] However, its function changed drastically and Japan became a tool to make profits, and misery to the people. [citation needed]After Indonesia gained its independence, on July 12, 1947, the cooperative movement in Indonesia held the first Cooperative Congress in Tasikmalaya. [Citation needed] Today then assigned as the Day of Cooperatives Indonesia. [Citation needed]Text will not ditransklusi
[Edit]Device cooperative organizations[Edit]Meeting of MembersMeeting the aspirations of the container member is a member and holds the highest authority in the cooperative. [Citation needed] As the holder of supreme power, then all the policies that apply in the cooperative agreement must be passed first meeting of members, including the selection, appointment and dismissal of personnel managers and supervisors. [Referral ?][Edit]CaretakerBoard is a body set up by a meeting of members and accompanied and given the mandate to implement the cooperative leadership, both in the field of organization and effort. [Citation needed] board members elected from and by members of the cooperative at a meeting of members. [Citation needed] In carrying out its duties, the board shall responsibility for the meeting of members. [citation needed] At the meeting the approval of the board members may appoint managers to manage the cooperative. [citation needed] However, officials remain accountable to the members' meeting. [citation needed][Edit]SupervisorSupervisors is a body established to carry out supervision on the performance committee. [Citation needed] Members of supervisors elected by the members of the cooperative at a meeting of members. [Citation needed] In operation, the supervisory board are entitled to every report, but keep it to a third party. [Referral? ] Supervisor is responsible to the members' meeting. [citation needed]Duties and authority of the cooperative organization governed by a constitution / cooperatives that are tailored to the ideology of cooperatives. In the cooperative management of the device is also referred to as a cooperative organization of the management team [8]Logo cooperative movement Indonesia[Edit]Coat cooperative IndonesiaThe symbol of the cooperative movement Indonesia has the following meanings:
1. Chains symbolize unity and a solid friendship. [Citation needed]2. Toothed wheels describe efforts taken continuously. [Citation needed]3. Cotton and rice means describe the prosperity of the people who cultivated by cooperatives. [Citation needed]4. Scales means of social justice as one of the co-operative basis. [Citation needed]5. Stars in Pancasila means shield, is an ideal co-operative. [Citation needed]6. Banyan tree describes the nature of Indonesian society and a strong personality rooted. [Citation needed]http://wartawarga.gunadarma.ac.id/2009/12/keadaan-koperasi-simpan-pinjam-di-indonesia/CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COOPERATIVE GENUIE (ORIGINAL)Added Value for Cooperative Members2 Cooperative Indonesia has an important meaning dala member economies. A cooperative can be said benar2 menjalankanprinsip cooperative if it meets both.The first is a cooperative founded to improve the member economies of scale, meaning that if the member cooperatives are usually only able to buy 10 kg of rice with 100 thousand after joining kperasi should be able to get 11 kg of rice. Bung Hatta said that is a cooperative if the insular idialisme forced to buy from the cooperative provided the cooperative when the price is more expensive than elsewhere.Both are viewed in terms of cooperative management of cooperatives should be able to sign the operating costs.Third is the structure of the cooperative organization has bases in different aggotanya PT example has a base in his company yan. This means that cooperatives will thrive if its members grow in advance, so if getting bigger while the member cooperatives do not change then it is a form of cooperative capitalization
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